Dependent And Independent Variables - Free Essay Example

-1 Name: Lab 1: Dependent and Independent Variables Lab Results Table 1: Average Yield for each seed variety at no, low, and high infestation levels (8 points) Seed Variety Level of ECB Infestation Pot 1 Yield Pot 2 Yield Pot 3 Yield Average Yield BT 123 None 160. 1 164. 8 164. 2 163. 03 Low 164. 0 162. 6 168. 3 164. 97 High 155. 1 163. 0 163. 9 167. 67 BT 456 None 190 183. 2 184. 8 186 Low 178. 8 172. 6 179. 6 177 High 157. 3 157. 0 159. 0 157. 76 Golden None 181. 6 182. 8 189. 8 184. 73 Low 177. 9 171. 2 170. 6 73. 23 High 135. 4 139. 6 138. 3 137. 76 Super Harvest None 164. 1 164. 3 161. 9 163. 43 Low 159. 1 155. 0 157. 5 157. 2 High 125. 5 129. 0 130. 0 128. 16 Table 2: % Reduction in yield for each seed variety at high levels of infestation (4 points) (transfer data on average yield with no infestation and high infestation from Table 1 to Table 2) Seed Variety Avg. Yield with No Infestation Avg. Yield with High Infestation % Reduction In Yield BT 123 163. 03 160. 67 1. 5% BT 456 186 157. 76 15% Golden 184. 73 137. 76 25% Super Harvest 163. 43 128. 16 22% Laboratory Analysis Questions 1. ECB refers to: (1 pt) a. A genetically engineered plant that is resistant to insect pests b. Edible corn byproducts c. An insect pest that reduces corn yield d. European corn borer e. c and d 2. How many days are required for a corn seed to become a mature plant with maximum weight kernels ready to be harvested? (1 pt) a. about 23 b. about 65 c. about 140 d. about 180 3. â€Å"BT Corn† refers to corn that: (1 pt) a. Has been infested with insect pests b. Has been infected with bacteria c. Is resistant to ECB d. Is not affected by pesticides 4. BT is: (1 pt) a. A stomach poison produced by bacteria b. A genetically engineered corn product c. A bacterium carried by the European corn borer d. A bacterium that has a gene for producing Cry proteins 5. Creation of BT corn requires genetic material from all of the following except: (1 pt) a. European corn borer b. Bac illus thuringiensis c. a corn plant d. all of the above contribute genetic material to the production of BT corn 6. For each seed variety, why did you need to collect data from 3 pots for each infestation level to obtain reliable data? (2 pts) To get accurate results we need to test the experiment more than once. 7. What is an independent variable? Which variable in this experiment was the independent variable? What is a dependent variable? Which variable in this experiment was the dependent variable? (2 pts) The independent variable is the variable representing the value being manipulated or changed and the dependent variable is the observed result of the independent variable being manipulated. In the experiment the level of ECB infestation is the independent variable and the dependant variable is the yield of the corn plants in term of kernel weight per ear of corn. 8. Which seed variety has the highest yield under conditions of no infestation? (1 pt) BT 456 9. Which transge nic seed variety was most resistant to the ECB at high infestation levels? (1 pt) BT 123 10. Which non-transgenic seed variety was most resistant to the ECB at high infestation levels? (1 pt) Golden Crop 11. Compare the yield of Super Harvest seeds and BT 123 seeds under conditions of no infestation. Is there any difference in the avg. yield? (2 pts) Yes, a very miniscule difference is there. 0. 4 11. A farmer decides to plant 90% of one field with BT 123 seeds and the remaining 10% of the field with a different seed variety. He hopes this will slow the evolutionary development of BT resistant insects. Which seed variety should he use the 10% of his field that is not planted with BT 123 seeds? Explain your answer. (2 pts) He should plant the golden crop for the remaining 10%. They have a larger yield than the Superharvest crop.

Recommendations On Easy And Quick Abstract Writing

What is an abstract? An abstract refers to a summary of content in any given book or work of research as in the case of a research paper, whose aim is normally to provide the reader with ease when it comes to reading and understanding the topic at the author is addressing. The use of abstracts in the process of presenting scientific research work is something that you need to master as a college student.   Scientific research always contains information that has been extensively researched and as a result, there is always need to read and understand it. Writing an abstract helps readers to gain an understanding of what the essay is about even before reading the entire paper. Have you written a paper before where you are required to include an abstract? If not, you need not to worry, as we will show you how to write an abstract for your papers. Where to start: Writing your first paper The first step of the abstract writing process is making sure that you have written the paper itself. This is a step that precedes any other step when it comes to writing an abstract. Your thoughts and ideas have to be well organized in the paper as means of making sure that the research can be understood even better. Your papers should contain information in an organized manner such that there is a way through which your readers can identify the main ideas in your text. You need to make sure that the paper is well structured and thoughts have been well presented throughout your actual paper. In most of the cases, you will need to add an abstract for all your papers that are in APA format and hence, you should be aware of what an APA style abstract entails. Review and understand abstract requirements For you to develop a good essay abstract, you need to organize your ideas logically based on the instructions provided. In most of the cases, you will notice that different types of papers require different abstract format. For example, reports, business papers, and scientific papers have different approaches as far as the abstract requirements are concerned. Nevertheless, review and understand the abstract requirements of the paper that you are addressing. In the case of a scientific paper, your abstract should contain a short introduction about the subject, methods used, any data analysis carried out, discussion, and a conclusion. One major challenge that comes with this is lack of the needed skills when you need to write the abstract. You must understand what is needed of you at each point if at all the process of writing can be termed a success. It is important that you take time and even talk to your professor so as to learn the sections that you need to include in your abstract. The main goal of this stage is to make sure that you have everything you need and at the same time understand what is needed of you when it comes to writing your abstract. Identify your purpose The next step is to make sure that you understand the purpose of your paper. Why are you writing the paper? Answering this question helps you to identify your target audience and how your claims in the paper can be of significance to them. You can get this by reading the problem statement and purpose statement of your paper. Introduce your abstract by looking at what was the purpose of your research and what you intended to demonstrate at the end of the research. A purpose statement in your abstract must be clear and at the same time have the reader get information regarding what you were writing and how you arrived at it. Your reader must get a true picture of the whole research by reading your purpose in the abstract. You must state clearly what you were seeking to achieve at the end of the whole research and your reader must be able to decipher what you meant through your choice of words in the abstract. Problem explanation and methods Your next step after explaining the purpose is to ensure that your problem has been explained to the reader in brief. You must tell the reader what issue you were tackling in your research and the abstract must also cover why the issue is important to a specific audience. Your problem must be feasible. Let the reader know why you chose to focus on that problem while leaving many others outside. The problem must also be a common phenomenon that is of importance to populations and this is because of the need to make sure that research yield better and useful results. You must also explain the method that you used in the process of conducting the whole research such as the kind of tools that you adopted in the process of gathering data and at the same time analyzing to achieve certain results. Your abstract must confine itself to explain the method that was adopted in the research as well as show the reader why the chosen method was better than others. This is because your abstract is mainly aimed at making sure that the reader understands what you did in a summarized manner.   Your explanation of the method must be one that is written in short and clear sentences to ensure that your readers can are easily understand. Describe results It is important that an abstract section contains a clear description of the results that you obtained in your research. The manner in which you present a summary of your results in the abstract section is different from the manner in which you do the same in the actual paper. You must state in brief what you found out in each section and at the same time highlight to the reader the manner in which the same informs your research.   A description of the results will give your reader what your research found out compared to the kind of problem you were investigating from the start. Your reader must be able to make an inference between the problem that was under investigation and the results that were obtained at the end by just reading the abstract. A description of the results must give a clear picture of whether the purpose of the research was achieved or not and at the same time give a true picture of what was obtained. Conclusion An abstract must also contain a conclusion section that clearly gives the reader what you arrived at after analyzing findings and results in the research. The conclusion must give the reader a picture of what you did and the kind of explanation that results gave you in as far as information sharing is concerned. The conclusion must also give your reader a true picture of what you concluded in relation to your initial objectives and what you set to achieve in the research. The conclusion you give to the reader must be based on the kind of results you obtained out of the research. Format and proofread Format and proofread your abstract to ensure sure that it is free of errors and at the same time is in line with the required citation style. This is a move aimed at making sure that you also comply with academic standards that have been set and at the work you do is also scholarly in nature. The formatting needs to be in line with guidelines that you have been provided by the instructor and at the same time represent common practices in the field of academic writing. It is important to often consult with your instructor about including an abstract in any paper since not all papers would require one. In spite of this, an abstract makes your paper look professional and essay to identify the main contents in the text even without having to read it. Get feedback The last step to writing a great abstract is to make sure that you come up with a system that will enable you get the needed feedback in as far as your work is concerned. You can post your work on several platforms as means of making sure that you get reader feedback and at the same time use it as a chance of correcting it. Feedback is the only way you can make sure that you improve on what you have done and at the same time acquire new skills when it comes to improving your writing skills. Your abstract must reflect all these elements so as to make sure that everything has been captured. Reader feedback on your abstract should be used in ensuring that you include what you might have left out and at the same time look at the relative impact that this has on your writing skills. Lastly, your abstract must be confined within the realm of scholarly writing that characterizes most works done by academicians.